Sundowning is a symptom often associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, where individuals become increasingly confused, agitated or anxious as the day progresses, particularly during the late afternoon or evening. This phenomenon can lead to restlessness, mood swings and difficulty sleeping, which can be distressing both for the person experiencing it and their caregivers.
Understanding what triggers sundowning and how to manage its effects is crucial for ensuring a calming environment and improving the quality of life for those affected. In this guide, we’ll explore what sundowning is, when it typically occurs and practical tips to help manage and prevent its onset.
What is sundowning?
Sundowning is a term used to describe a state of confusion, agitation or restlessness that often occurs in people with dementia as the day transitions into the evening or night. This phenomenon typically manifests in the late afternoon or early evening, hence the name “sundowning.” People experiencing sundowning may become more anxious, disoriented or irritable, and may have difficulty with communication, pacing or even wandering.
While the exact cause of sundowning is not fully understood, it is believed to be related to changes in the body’s internal clock, fatigue and decreased exposure to natural light. Sundowning can be challenging for both the person affected and their caregivers, making it important to recognise and manage its symptoms effectively.
When does sundowning occur?
Sundowning typically occurs in the late afternoon, evening or early night, as daylight fades and natural light decreases. This time of day can trigger feelings of confusion, agitation or restlessness in people with dementia. The symptoms of sundowning can vary, but they often worsen as the evening progresses.
Environmental factors such as fatigue from the day, low lighting and changes in routine can also contribute to the onset of sundowning. While it is more common in the later stages of dementia, some individuals may experience these symptoms earlier in their diagnosis.
Tips for preventing sundowning
Managing sundowning can be challenging, but there are several strategies that may help reduce its impact:
- Establish a daytime routine: Incorporate enjoyable activities such as gentle walks or trips to the shops to keep the person engaged and active during the day.
- Limit caffeine and alcohol: Offer caffeine-free alternatives like decaf tea or coffee and consider eliminating alcohol altogether to promote better sleep and overall well-being.
- Reduce daytime naps: Encourage shorter or fewer naps to help the person sleep more soundly through the night.
- Adjust lighting before dusk: Close the curtains and turn on the lights early in the evening to help ease the transition from day to night and reduce confusion.
- Cover reflective surfaces: Use towels, sheets or curtains to cover mirrors, windows and glass doors, as reflections can be disorienting for someone with dementia.
- Avoid heavy evening meals: Large meals can interfere with sleep patterns, so try to offer lighter dinners to promote restful sleep.
- Create a soothing evening routine: Engage the person in calming activities like watching a favourite show, listening to music or spending time with a pet. Keep the TV or radio tuned to quieter, peaceful stations, as sudden loud noises can be upsetting for someone with dementia.
Tips for managing sundowning
Managing sundowning often requires a calm, patient approach. Here are some practical tips to help soothe a person experiencing this condition:
- Use distraction techniques: Change the environment by moving to a different room, offering a drink or snack, playing soothing music or going for a walk to help redirect their focus.
- Ask about their concerns: Gently ask what’s troubling them and listen attentively. If possible, address the cause of their distress.
- Speak slowly and soothingly: A calm tone can help ease anxiety and provide comfort.
- Use short, simple sentences: Clear communication with simple instructions can minimise confusion and help them process information more easily.
- Provide physical comfort: Hold their hand, sit beside them or gently stroke their arm to offer reassurance through physical touch.
Trinity Homecare’s private dementia care services
For the past 25 years, we have provided the highest standards of home care for people living with dementia. At Trinity Homecare, we appreciate that diagnosis of dementia can be an isolating and frightening experience, but we passionately believe that it is absolutely possible to live well with dementia. We’ve produced a library of resources specifically to answer all of your questions surrounding dementia.
Trinity Homecare is a fully managed care agency with an ‘Outstanding’ CQC rating, placing Trinity amongst the top 4% of all nationwide care companies in England. You can rest assured that your loved one will receive the highest standard of care and specialist support.
If you have any questions about arranging live-in dementia care, simply get in touch with our helpful and knowledgeable care team.
Arranging nationwide dementia care with Trinity is straightforward.
Simply follow these five steps:
- Call our care team
- Undergo a free, no-obligation consultation to discuss your care needs and arrange a care assessment
- After the assessment, a plan of care is created
- A well-suited carer is found and placed
- Care can be adapted at any time