Stages of Kidney Failure: Support for Families

Kidney failure is a serious condition that occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood as effectively as they should. These vital organs play a crucial role in maintaining overall health by regulating blood pressure, balancing fluids and producing important hormones. When kidney function begins to decline, it can lead to a range of complications affecting multiple systems in the body.

Below, we share more about the different stages of kidney failure, from early kidney damage to end-stage renal failure, and discuss how early diagnosis and appropriate care can help slow the progression of the disease.

What is kidney failure?

Kidney failure happens when your kidneys stop working properly and can’t filter waste and extra fluids from your blood. There are two main types:

• Acute kidney failure (AKF): This happens suddenly, often due to things like infection or injury, and can be treated if caught early.
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD): This is a long-term issue, usually caused by conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes, and can lead to end-stage kidney failure if not managed well.

While kidney failure can affect anyone, certain factors increase the risk, including diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, smoking and obesity. Early detection and treatment are key to slowing the progression of kidney failure and preventing further complications.

What are the risk factors?

Kidney failure can affect anyone, but some individuals may be at a higher risk of developing the condition. The following factors can increase your likelihood:

• Certain health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease
• Family history of kidney disease
• Abnormal kidney structure
• Being over 60
• Long-term use of pain relievers

Stages of kidney failure

Kidney failure develops gradually over time, and it’s helpful to understand the different stages so you can manage the condition more effectively. The stages are based on how well the kidneys are functioning, measured by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which tells how much blood the kidneys filter per minute.

Here are the stages of kidney failure:

Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal function

At this stage, kidney function is still normal (GFR is 90% or above), but there’s some kidney damage. There are usually no symptoms, but it’s important to monitor and make lifestyle changes to prevent further damage.

Stage 2: Mild kidney damage

Kidney function starts to decline slightly (GFR between 60-89%). Symptoms may be mild or not noticeable, but it’s a critical stage for managing risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes.

Stage 3: Moderate kidney damage

Kidneys are working at less than 60% capacity (GFR between 30-59%). Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling and changes in urine. Treatment becomes more focused on slowing down the damage and managing symptoms.

Stage 4: Severe kidney damage

Kidney function drops significantly (GFR between 15-29%). More noticeable symptoms occur, such as difficulty concentrating, nausea and fluid retention. It’s time to start thinking about dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Stage 5: End stage kidney failure (ESRD)

At this stage, kidney function is extremely low (GFR less than 15%), and the kidneys can no longer do their job. Dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary for survival.

Symptoms and complications of kidney failure

As kidney failure progresses, people can experience a variety of symptoms and complications. While the severity can vary depending on the stage, it’s important to stay vigilant and manage these issues with proper care.

Common symptoms of kidney failure

• Fatigue: Feeling constantly tired or weak, even after rest, is common as kidney function declines.
• Swelling: Fluid retention can lead to swelling in the legs, ankles or face.
• Changes in urine: Individuals may notice changes in the frequency, colour or amount of urine.
• Loss of appetite: A decrease in appetite, sometimes accompanied by nausea or vomiting.
• Shortness of breath: Caused by fluid build-up in the lungs or anaemia.
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating: As toxins build up in the body, it can affect mental clarity.

How can I prevent kidney failure?

While kidney failure and chronic kidney disease are not reversible, there are steps you can take to stay healthy and slow the progression of the condition. Healthy habits can help protect your kidneys and improve your overall well-being.

Here are some important steps to follow:

• Monitor your kidney function, including regular blood tests and check ups
• Keep your blood sugar levels in the normal range
• Maintain healthy blood pressure
• Avoid using tobacco products
• Limit potassium and sodium intake

How can home care help?

As kidney failure progresses, home care can become a vital part of providing comfort and support to those navigating their treatment journey. With a compassionate approach, Trinity Home home care services can help in the following ways:

• Medication management: Our carers make sure medications are taken on time and as prescribed, giving you peace of mind that nothing is missed and helping to prevent complications.
• Diet and nutrition: Carers can assist with meal planning and preparation, ensuring the diet supports kidney health and helps you feel nourished.
• Monitoring symptoms: Caregivers keep track of important health indicators like fluid intake, swelling and changes in urine, which are then shared with healthcare providers to keep treatment on track.
• Emotional support: Kidney failure can be tough emotionally, and a home carer offers companionship, reducing loneliness and helping to nurture mental well-being.
• Transportation to appointments: Home care can provide reliable transportation to medical appointments, dialysis sessions and even social outings, ensuring you get the support you need, especially if mobility is a concern.

Talk to us today

At Trinity Homecare, our ultimate goal is to enrich your lifestyle in the comfort and familiarity of your own home. This allows you to live the independent lifestyle that you love without the daunting thought of moving into a care home.

Call us now on 0207 183 4884 in confidence for a free no obligation quotation. If enquiring outside of our opening hours, please complete our online form and we will contact you the next day.